🐦 Murmuration — how do thousands of starlings swirl as one, with no leader?
They don't follow a leader, and nothing choreographs the flock. Each bird obeys
just THREE simple rules, looking only at the handful of neighbors near it:
1. SEPARATION — don't crowd: steer away from neighbors that get too close.
2. ALIGNMENT — go with the flow: steer toward the average heading of neighbors.
3. COHESION — stay together: steer toward the average position of neighbors.
Every bird does only that, every frame. The hypnotic, wheeling murmuration you see
is EMERGENT — it appears from hundreds of birds each following local rules, not from
any global plan. That's the whole lesson: complex group behavior from simple local
behavior.
This is Craig Reynolds' "boids" model (1986) — the same idea behind flocks, schools,
and crowds in films and games. The math (separation·alignment·cohesion steering) is
the pure boidsStep / Flock in @utilspalooza/core; this page just draws it.
Murmuration (flocking starlings) — live canvas animation example
motion & easing8+
trig, angles & vectors8+
collision detection11+
numbers in motion7+
geometry & shapes8+
generative showpieces13-
handy helpers7+